Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS) are both therapeutic modalities that utilize electrical currents but serve distinct purposes:

• TENS: Primarily used for pain relief, TENS delivers low-voltage electrical impulses through the skin to stimulate nerves, effectively reducing pain perception.
• EMS: EMS targets muscle fibers, inducing contractions to strengthen muscles, improve endurance, and prevent atrophy, making it beneficial in both rehabilitation and athletic training.